There is no evidence to support the use of shoe insoles for the reduction of other lower limb soft-tissue injuries, whether they are individually prescribed to suit foot shape or off-the-shelf.

There is no evidence that running shoes prescribed to suit individual foot shape are better than standard running shoes for preventing injuries in military recruits.

Overall, the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce lower-limb pain and injury after intensive running is very weak. More trials, designed, conducted and reported to contemporary standards, would be required to confirm these findings, especially in recreational or competitive runners, rather than military recruits.